Dyson College of Arts and Sciences

conference, I was also able to interview the manager of the Waste Concern partnership at Saiban, and two officials of UNESCAP helping to support Waste Con- cern's projects. All three of these individuals were con- ference attendees who had come from overseas and I was thus able to interview them in-person. In addition, I conducted a Skype interview with Saiban's founder in Pakistan. I supplemented my interview findings with field observation, including visits to Waste Concern's project sites. In addition to photographing and gath- ering information about performance, operation, and implementation processes for Waste Concern's models, I chatted with beneficiaries and implementation staff. I jotted notes on a paper pad during these visits which were later typed into the field journal I kept on my laptop computer. Finally, as part of my collection of archival material and documents at Waste Concern and Saiban, I was able to access both publicly avail- able and internal organizational records. is includ- ed emails, meeting minutes, annual reports, project reports and updates, briefs, monographs, and consult- ing evaluations. Data analysis e data was analyzed iteratively, as I kept going back and forth between theory development and empirical data analysis (Corbin and Strauss 1998). is approach is particularly suitable for studies of resilience and so- cial entrepreneurship as it allows the development of concepts in close connection to previous theorizing, important given the dearth of prior empirical work at the intersection of these two fields. I worked between interviews, field notes, company documents, archi- val records, and relevant literature to develop themes and codes in order to categorize findings related to the management of sanitation systems for communities of different sizes, as well as with different mixes of mu- nicipality, community, and private sector ownership and management. I paid particular attention to the po- tential applicability of these findings within the water management sector. Findings Prior work on in organizational studies has paid scant attention to issues of water supply management (Kur- land and Zell 2010). My findings show that lessons from the sanitation and waste management sector may have particular applicability to water systems man- agement and organization. As I analyzed data from the partnership between Waste Concern and Saiban, the transferability and transposability (Djelic 1998; Czarniawska and Sevón 1996) of different waste man- agement systems emerged as the principal theme. Ac- tors at Waste Concern, but also at Saiban, discussed the importance of moving waste management systems Table 2 Description of informants Organization Formal position Type of interview Waste Concern Senior Manager Face to Face Program Officer (Research) Face to Face Administrative Officer Face to Face Chief Training Officer Face to Face Chief of Marketing and Research Officer (Agriculture) Face to Face Senior Accounts Officer Face to Face Executive Director Face to Face Waste Management Plant Manager Face to Face Chief Operating Officer Face to Face Director Face to Face Saiban Project Officer Face to Face Executive Director Face to Face UNESCAP Chief, Sustainable Urban Development Unit Face to Face Communications Manager Face to Face 20

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