needed in New York City's boroughs, where communi-
ty groups were arguing that the emphasis on protect-
ing Lower Manhattan (and in particular the Financial
District) would be at their expense, both in terms of
siphoning money to that part of the city and in terms
of moving surging flood waters—that had to go some-
where—away from Lower Manhattan and toward the
other boroughs (Dawson 2017) Fig. 1.
HUD's Rebuild by Design Big U award was re-
leased during the last days of the Bloomberg Adminis-
tration, and before the election of de Blasio as Mayor.
As it became clear that the HUD funds would only pay
Fig. 1 East Side Coastal Resiliency Project, ird Design as a
raised park built on fill, presented January 10, 2019, to Commu-
nity Board 3 Parks and Waterfront Committee. Inserts, Le: East
Side Coastal Resiliency and the BIG U. Right: section of original
bermed stormbarrier plan under storm surge conditions. Source:
New York City Office of Resiliency and Recovery meeting and
workshop presentations.
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