Dyson College of Arts and Sciences

ing it, "world class" and a response to the community's desire for more playing fields (New York City Office of the Mayor 2018). But one group not holding back the building of a high-amenity, world class and fully green project are the local neighborhood organizations. As this sto- ry has shown, they have continually called for the City Administration to build them the park that was de- signed to be a model of resilience infrastructure. ey have called for real resilience infrastructure that is tru- ly green enough. ey want a project that is beautiful and accessible and which will provide a measure of safety against storms. But they cannot pay for it, mean- ing that funds to both build and maintain the park will need to come from government coffers. Whether they ever get the "world class" park-and-resilience protec- tion they were promised, and which they have spent years helping to design, is yet to be seen. Meanwhile, a high-end development boom has washed across surrounding neighborhoods, perhaps even fueled by the Big U's promise of Low- er Manhattan resilience—much like Seaport City in the Bloomberg era. us, whether by design or de- fault, gentrification and displacement have increased, and the promise of an equitable and resilient Lower Manhattan remains unrealized. e question then becomes: who gets to be pro- tected against the negative effects of climate change? And who gets the right to the resilient city? Only those who can afford and finance it? Or all of us? And if not the latter, how resilient can cities truly be? References Aerts J CJH, Li N, Botzen W, Emanuel K, de Moel H (2013) Low-Probability Flood Risk Modeling for New York City. Risk Anal 33:772–788 Angotti T (2008) New York for sale: Community planning confronts global real estate. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA Bailey (2018) Bjarke Ingels is reshaping the world as we know it. Surface Magazine May 2. https://www.surfacemag. com/articles/bjarkeingels-is-reshaping-the-world-as- we-know-it/. Accessed 2 Dec 2018 Bellafante G (2013) A new Era for Progressives. e New York Times November 15. https://www.nytimes.com/ 2013/11/17/nyregion/deblasios-win-is-sign-of- working-families-partys-advance.html. Accessed 4 Nov 2018 BIG Team (2014) e BIG 'U': Promoting Resilience Post- Sandy rough Innovative Planning, Design and Programming. Rebuild by Design. http://www. rebuildbydesign.org/data/files/675.pdf Accessed 29 June 2018 Bolin R, Stanford L (1991) Shelter, housing and recovery: a comparison of US disasters. Disasters 15:24–24 Brenner N (2012) What is critical urban theory? In: Brenner N, Marcuse P, Mayer M (eds) Cities for people, ' not for profit: critical urban theory and the right to the city. Routledge, New York, pp 11–23 Bullard R,Wright B (2010) Forward. In: Bullard R,Wright B (eds) Race, place and environmental justice aer Hurricane Katrina. Westview Press, Boulder, p xvii- xiv Checker M (2011) Wiped out by the "greenwave": Environmental gentrification and the paradoxical politics of urban sustainability. City and Society 23:210–229 Chester A, Wright T (2018) e City's Odd Storm Splurge, October 29. e Daily News, http://www. nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-opedthe-citys-odd- storm-splurge-20181025-story.html. Accessed online 2 Dec 2018 Cohen S (2011–2012) Sustainable New York City: A Work in Progress. e European Financial Review, Dec- Jan. http://spm.ei.columbia.edu/files/2013/11/39.- Sustainable-New-York-City-A-Work-in-Progress-. pdf Accessed online 29 June 2018 Collier SJ, Cox S, Grove K (2016) Rebuilding by Design in Post-Sandy New York. Limn Issue 7: Public Infrastructures/Infrastructural Publics, July https:// limn.it/articles/rebuilding-by-design-in-postsandy- new-york/. Accessed online 29 June 2018 Curran W, Hamilton T (2017) Just green enough: Urban development and environmental gentrification. Routledge, New York Dawsey J (2013) "Storm Plan's 'Clunker': Bloomberg's SeaPort City is designed to buttress Manhattan, but doubts linger." Wall Street Journal, June 13. Accessed 1 Sept 2013 DawsonA (2017) Extreme cities: the peril and promise of urban life in the age of climate change. Verso, New York Dilworth R, Stokes R (2012) Green growth machines, LEED ratings and value free development: the case of the Philadelphia property tax abatement. J Urban:1–15 Echevarria D, Segal PZ (2018) Proposed Megatowers an Affront to Lower East Side Residents October 6. https://citylimits.org/2018/10/26/cityviews- proposed-mega-towers-an-affront-to-lower-eastside- residents/. Accessed 2 Dec 2018 Ferrée-Sadurní, Goodman JD (2018) New York public housing set to get Federal Monitor and $1 billion in repairs. e New York Times, May 18, 2018 Financial Times Special Report (2017) Turning the Tide – New York: e Architect. e Financial Times, October. https://ig..com/specialreports/flood-risk/ Accessed online 2 Dec 2018 Goldenberg S (2017) DeBlasio Doubling the Budget for Affordable Housing. Politico November 6, 2017. https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city- hall/story/2017/11/05/de-blasio-doubling- thebudget-for-affordable-housing-115496 Accessed online 29 June 2018 Goodell J (2016) Can New York Be saved in the era of global warming? Rolling Stone, July 5. http://www. rollingstone.com/politics/news/ can-new-york-be- saved-in-the-era-of-global-warming-20160705 Accessed 16 Oct 2017 Gotham KF, Greenberg M (2014) Crisis cities: disaster and 55

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