Dyson College of Arts and Sciences

D Y S O N C O L L E G E O F A R T S A N D S C I E N C E S 3 When Kelly Ng '26, a biology major from Pe h, Australia, joined the Provost's Student-Faculty Undergraduate Research and Creative Inquiry program, she was looking to grow as a scientist and dive deeper into the kind of hands-on, curiosity-driven work that goes far beyond the walls of the classroom. "I applied because it offered me an oppo unity to grow my skills as a researcher through its provided resources and academic community," she explained. "I was interested in joining a network of students and faculty engaged in independent research, where I could learn from others' experiences in research while developing my own," said Ng. Faculty mentor David Boerma, PhD, assistant professor of Biology at Pace and a research associate at the American Museum of Natural History, added, "Bat flight research is impo ant in its own right, but being able to use it as a means toward connecting with my students and giving them real ownership over pa of their education has got to be one of my favorite pa s of being a professor." With Boerma, Ng found herself working on a deceptively simple question: how do bones evolve to meet the needs of how we move? It's a question that spans biology, anatomy, biomechanics—and in this case, flight. Together, they are investigating limb structure in the Egyptian fruit bat, a large mammal with a 20+ inch wingspan whose anatomy offers a unique counterpoint to humans. While humans rely on repetitive use of our legs to walk and run, bats rely on their forelimbs (wings) for flight—a repetitive motion in a different pa of the body. Do bats show the same pa ern of limb function and bone structure that humans do, just flipped? "Working with Professor Boerma, I'm creating 3D structures of leg bones in Egyptian fruit bats to understand how their structure is affected by their function," said Ng. "In humans, our legs have less variability because they're mainly used for walking, while our arms show more variability since we use them for a range of different tasks. We're studying Egyptian fruit bats to see if this pa ern is the same in bats but for the opposite limbs." "If a ce ain kind of animal has evolved to move a ce ain pa of its skeleton in the same way, over and over again throughout its life (e.g., how your legs move to walk), then because those bones experience repetitive forces, they should end up having extremely consistent shapes across all the individuals of that kind of animal," Boerma explained. "We're asking, 'this idea sounds logical, but is it really true?'" "Being able to see and segment the structures myself made it easier to grasp how limb shape relates to movement," Ng said. "It helped me understand those concepts more clearly than I could through lectures or textbooks alone." For Ng, the work has been both technical and transformative. A typical day includes loading CT scans of bat specimens into 3D Slicer so ware, carefully segmenting bones like the femur, tibia, and pelvis, and cleaning digital models to prepare them for analysis. While the learning curve was steep—"the process of segmenting my first bat took a lot of troubleshooting," she recalled—the experience pushed her technical skills and built confidence. "Being able to see and segment the structures myself made it easier to grasp how limb shape relates to movement," Ng said. "It helped me understand those concepts more clearly than I could through lectures or textbooks alone." For Boerma, mentoring students like Ng is one of the most meaningful pa s of his work. "Bat flight research is impo ant in its own right, but being able to use it as a means toward connecting with my students and giving them real ownership over pa of their education has got to be one of my favorite pa s of being a professor." He speaks of Ng's early commitment to the project with awe: "I gave her a 60-page master's thesis from one of our collaborators to read…and she could talk about it with me like a collaborator herself, all before even beginning the project. I can't find the words to express to you how much fun that kind of interaction with a student is for a professor." Beyond bats, biomechanics, or bone variation, this kind of faculty-student pa nership is what the Provost's program is all about. "Asking for help is an impo ant pa of research," Ng said. "Being open and honest about what you don't know does not mean you're less capable—it's an impo ant step in the learning process." What Bats Can Teach Us Biology major Kelly Ng '26 takes a hands-on deep dive in biomechanics and bone mapping Kelly Ng Professor David Boerma Inside Dyson

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